Differences in Deference: Essences and Insights
نویسندگان
چکیده
If people have essentialist beliefs about natural kinds, it follows that when an entity’s identity is uncertain, we should defer to experts knowledgeable about its hidden inner nature. In two experiments we presented students and lay adults with scenarios involving ambiguous-looking natural kinds, artifacts, and hybrid animal-artifacts and examined whether they would choose to defer to an expert about its identity, and if so, whether they would choose someone knowledgeable about its internal structure or its function. Results indicate differing patterns of deference for natural kinds and artifacts and support an essentialist model of deference overall, though deference was clearly affected by factors such as artifact complexity and sample population. Implications for essentialism, theories of artifacts, and an essentialist bias when reasoning about living kinds are discussed.
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